Similarities Between Piaget And Vygotsky And Cognitive...

DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGIST This paper will explore two influential men whose theories have a remarkable influence on development and learning. Second, this essay will examine Piaget and Vygotsky’s background, each hypothesis as it relates to cognitive development and education, the similarities and differences, the impact of having better insight into and understanding the concept of learning. Developmental science involves looking at the entire realm of human thought, behavior, and expression (Steinberg, Bornstein, Vandell Rook, 2011). Cognitive development entails qualitative changes in thinking as one matures. Sociocultural perspective involves examining ways development adapts to culture (Steinberg et al., 2011). Equally significant†¦show more content†¦Vygotsky believes that there is a correlation between social relationships, culture, and language. The concept of culture in development plays a vital part in learning. Language is the catalyst for social interaction which in turn uses cult ure to nurture cognitive development (Louis, G. W. 2009). Vygotsky found three domains that need social interaction for cognitive development to be successful. Zone of proximal development, scaffolding, and psychological tools. Zone of proximal development, involves an individual being able to complete a task with or without aid, scaffolding runs concurrently with the zone of proximal development and gives support, and lastly is a psychological tool, involves the use of devices to communicate, such as handwriting. (Louis, G. W. 2009). Similarities in the theories of Piaget and Vygotsky Piaget and Vygotsky are prominent psychologists who studied the development of children and share views on several topics. According to Lourenco (2012), Piaget and Vygotsky share the idea that to understand psychological components an individual would have to have a developmental perspective especially if the task was complicated. Secondly, Piaget and Vygotsky perceived a non-dualist theory as not being able to gather their intelligent spectrum without social interaction. Third, Piaget and Vygotsky’s view of non-reductionist, concludes that a task performed by one child may yield two answers; therefore, theShow MoreRelatedOutline the main similarities and differences between Piaget‚Äà ´s and Vygotsky‚Äà ´s explanations for cognitive development in children1702 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿ Outline the main similarities and differences between Piaget’s and Vygotsky’s explanations for cognitive development in children. Piaget and Vygotsky were both, looking into the same period of cognitive development in infants and children and sharing the same basic concerns. Piaget (1896-1980) developing his theory slightly earlier than Vygotsky (1896-1934) who worked to show that there were certain flaws in Piaget s theory of genetic epistemology. Vogotsky and his social-cultural theoryRead MorePiaget Vs Vygotsky : Piaget And Vygotsky1314 Words   |  6 PagesCompare Two Famous Educators: Piaget vs. Vygotsky Jean Piaget and Lev Vygotsky are often considered the most influential cognitive development and learning psychologists of the 20th century. Their research efforts have inspired numerous interpretations and spawned new outlets of approaching developmental psychology. The following paragraphs will analyze the theories of Piaget of Vygotsky and discuss how their research can be used to advance the use of cognitive development in learning, both traditionalRead MoreVygotsky And Vygotsky s Theory Of Choice908 Words   |  4 Pagesaccumulate their culture (Shulman Singleton, 2010). Jean Piaget and Lev Vygotsky are two well-known cognitive psychologist who each had theories regarding language development and cognition. Both Piaget and Vygotsky had similarities in their theories as well as differences between them. While they were both conveyed great contributions into the development of current psychology, Vygotsky’s ideas are notably the theory of choice in development. Jean Piaget’s theory suggested that children progressedRead MorePiaget And Vygotsky s Cognitive Development Theory1114 Words   |  5 Pagesabout cognitive development, you cannot help but to think about two specific contributors to this area of study, Jean Piaget and Lev Vygotsky. First, let us discuss what exactly is cognitive development. Cognitive development is the process of how thought is constructed. This includes language learning, problem solving, reasoning, decision-making, as well as any other mental abilities. Cognitive development begins in childhood and continues to develop all the way through adulthood. Piaget and VygotskyRead MoreCompare and contrast Piaget‚Äà ´s and Vygotsky‚Äà ´s theories of cognitive development in children1274 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ Compare and contrast Piaget’s and Vygotsky’s theories of cognitive development in children. This essay will compare Piaget’s and Vygotsky’s theories of cognitive development in children. Also, show the differences between the two psychologist’s theories. Thus, by showing their similarities like in language and adaptation theories. Further, differences like Piaget’s theory on cognitive developmental stages and the schemas which are build to learn or accommodate new words or things. Vygostky’sRead MoreComparing Piaget And Vygotsky s Theory Of Cognitive Development813 Words   |  4 PagesJean Piaget and Lev Vygotsky are considered to be very prominent figures in the area of cognitive development. Both of these men considered themselves a constructivist, which entails a viewpoint that is concerned with the nature of knowledge. In their lifetime, both of them made contributions in the area of education and even after death, their theories still influence teaching methods. The purpose of this paper is to show some similarities as well as diff erences in the theories of Piaget and VygotskyRead MoreTheories Of Learning And Development Essay1581 Words   |  7 PagesWhile Vygotsky, Skinner, and Piaget have undoubtedly influenced theories of learning and development, they share similarities and differences in their views of child development. It would hence be useful to examine these by evaluating their views regarding what development is, how it occurs, and whether phases of development exist. It is important to first establish Vygotsky, Piaget, and Skinner’s views regarding what development is. Piaget and Vygotsky have more similarities in their viewsRead MorePiaget v. Vygotsky838 Words   |  4 Pages Piaget vs. Vygotsky Both Jean Piaget and Lev Vygotsky have had a huge impact on learning and teaching methods. Although they have different views on how children learn, they both suggest helpful methods of teaching. Piaget and Vygotsky both focus on the idea of constructivism. Constructivist theories believe learning includes real-world situations, language, interaction, and collaboration with others. Piaget believed in cognitive constructivism and Vygotsky believed in social constructivismRead MoreVygotsky And Piaget s Theory Of Cognitive Development Innate Or Learned?1241 Words   |  5 PagesComparing Vygotsky and Piaget Jayne Enneking Northcentral University Comparing Vygotsky and Piaget Which comes first, the chicken or the egg? Is cognitive development innate or learned? These are two age old questions that have been discusssed extensively. The purpose of this paper is to offer insight into the answer of the latter by briefly comparing and contrasting Lev Vygotsky and Jean Piaget’s cognitive developmental theories. Both psychologists’ theories will be outlined, as will the similaritiesRead MoreVygotsky And Vygotsky s Theory Of Development791 Words   |  4 PagesJean Piaget and Lev Vygotsky are prominent influential figures in the field of developmental psychology. The purpose of this paper is to compare and contrast their theories of development, as well as identified what can be gained through a better understanding of the theories. A Brief Summary of the Theories of Piaget and Vygotsky Piaget’s theory of development is based on four stages: sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational stage. Piaget believed development was

Diversity Is The Human Race - 886 Words

DIVERSITY PAPER Gay. Straight. Black. White. Male. Female. Wealthy. Poor. Modern society has systematically sorted the human race into collections and communities of descriptive factors. Deeply embedded within a systematical labeling system, diversity has fell victim to the harmful segregation and prejudice of the past. Diversity is not about the inferior nor the morally corrupt. Diversity is not the hallow substance of labels. Diversity is culture, pride, and heritage. To rural South Dakotans, diversity amongst the human race is rare. In the agricultural state I call home, variation lies not in the people but rather in the contrasting species of livestock and corn. Hailing from a town population of 3,025, any kind of knowledge about a social world beyond Hartford, South Dakota was limited. I set up my childhood moral system on a tainted blend of inaccurate perceptions and assumptions. A moral system which would ring true until I found myself as the diversity. I am my own diversity. I am the collection of the variant and the assortment of different. I am gay. To answer any impending questions which may be surrounding one’s head at the current time, just lean towards the answer no. While some individuals may be born with the innate sense of who they are, I was not. Unfortunately, my sense of childhood identity came not from deep self-reflection and soul searching, but rather a combination of my restricted experiences and limited knowledge of the social world. I was notShow MoreRelatedBeyond Race : Human Biological Diversity2476 Words   |  10 PagesTerm Paper: Beyond Race: Human Biological Diversity This investigation is an exploration into the Kotch and Chernofsky family history. In which the cultural and historical background of each ancestry will be examined. Additionally, this investigation will also examine the paternal genetic lineage of the Kotch Family. In which the genomic haplogroup will be expressed through ancestral analysis and migration patterns. The Mother of Ariel Kotch was born in 1967 in Queen NY, her name is Eva ChernofskyRead MoreRacial Discrimination : The World Has More Than 6 Billion People With A Diversity Of Human Races808 Words   |  4 PagesDiscrimination in the workplace The world has more than 6 billion people with a diversity of human races and colors. Even Though, by means of nature, people used to see each other as white, black, Hispanic, Asian, American, African, etc. As humans spread throughout the globe, they adapted to one of a kind dwelling conditions while genetic mutations introduced precise traits to the people. Likewise, the concept of race, a group of people with genetic and physical features that different from anotherRead MoreDiversity At A Young Age920 Words   |  4 PagesDiversity is a very common word used in today s society. There is a lot of different categories of diversity that a person can fall under. 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The most commonly ignored or unnoticedRead MoreThe Challenges Of Human Resource Management872 Words   |  4 Pagesimpact on human resource management. One of the greatest challenges that human resource management faces in terms of workplace globalization is workplace diversity. Diversity is the condition of having or being composed of differing elements : VARIETY; especially : the inclusion of differen t types of people (as people of different races or cultures) in a group or organization programs intended to promote diversity in schools.( http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/diversity) Human ResourceRead MoreAffirmative Action : Discrimination And Discrimination910 Words   |  4 Pagesincluding race, color, national origin, gender, age, disability, religion and veteran status. Diversity can be defined in many ways, including diversity of thought, experiences, and backgrounds. Together, all three can contribute to a more welcoming. 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Diversity is to value that we are all uniqueRead MoreRacism Racism1172 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Racism is real, race is not,† the author Adam Hochman argues that while racism is a very real and terrible system within our global society, the concept of race is not real and cannot be proven as such either biologically or socially speaking. Hochman states that though racism has emerged from the categorization of populations based upon physical attributes, race itself does not truly exist. Furthermore, he purports that race has no biological foundation; though most people believe race is biologicalRead MoreDiversity And Diversity Of Diversity923 Words   |  4 PagesDiversity is engagement across racial and ethnic lines consist of a broad and varied set of activities and initiative (Milem, Chang, and Antonio 2005). Diversity is about recognizing that each individual is unique and have differences. 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Sta302 †Assignment 2 Free Essays

From the Scatterplot of Revenue vs. Circulation, it can be seen that the variance of the dependent variable, Revenue, is increasing. This is a violation of the Gauss-Markov condition of constant variance in the error terms. We will write a custom essay sample on Sta302 – Assignment 2 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Also, since a linear relationship seems appropriate, transformation of both the dependent and independent variables are necessary. 2) Fitting polynomial models to the data may be better than fitting a straight line model to the untransformed data because this allows for curvature and can fit the data more closely. However, this might not be sufficient because it does not account for nonconstant variance. 3) The natural log transformation of both variables provides the best model of the three. From the plot of the Regression Line for lnRevenue vs. lnCirculation, it can be seen that the points are relatively equally scattered around the regression line. Also, the nonconstant variance seems to be fixed. This is evident in the plot of the residuals vs. predicted values, as the points are randomly scattered about the center line. The square root transformation of both variables improves linearity, as indicated in the plot of the Regression Line for sqrtRevenue vs. sqrtCirculation, but does not fix the problem of non-constant variance. This can be clearly seen in the plot of the residuals vs. predicted values. The points are not randomly scattered around the center line, but seem to be bunched up on the left side and spread outwards, indicating increasing variance. The inverse transformation of both variables does not improve linearity, as curvature can be seen in the plot of the Regression Line for invRevenue vs. invCirculation. Although non-constant variance is slightly improved over the square root transformation, as can be seen in the plot of the residuals vs. predicted values, it is still insufficient. Therefore, both variables natural log transformed seems to be the best model of the three choices. 4) The model used is . This implies that . From this result, it can be seen that a k-fold change in the circulation in millions results in a change in revenue in thousands of dollars. From the regression, =0. 5334. This means that if circulation changes by a factor of k, its revenue will also change by a factor of k0. 334. 5) From SAS, a 95% prediction interval with a circulation of 1 million for the natural log of the revenue is (4. 3005, 5. 0202) with a predicted value of 4. 6604. This translates to a prediction interval of ($73 736. 65, $151 441. 59) with a predicted revenue of $105 678. 35. 6) Since the threshold for Cook’s D is 4/(n-2), where n=70, the threshold is 0. 059. There are five values with Cook’s D greater than 0. 059, which indicates that they are influential points. From the normal Q-Q plot of the residuals, these 5 points can be seen to be utliers at the ends of the graph. Therefore, they can greatly affect the fit of the model. Also from the normal Q-Q plot, it can be seen that the residuals are not exactly normally distributed. The curvature at the ends of the plot indicates heavy tails in the distribution. By the Central Limit Theorem confidence intervals, and the values for , , and E(Y) are valid. However, since a prediction interval deals only with a single point, it is not valid. Due to the heavy tails in the distribution of the error terms, the prediction interval calculated in 5) may not be accurate. How to cite Sta302 – Assignment 2, Papers

Population Pharmacokinetics and Bioavailabilty †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Population Pharmacokinetics and Bioavailabilty. Answer: Introduction: Pharmacology is a discipline of science that tends to decipher the kind of Management interactions that do exist or occur between various kinds of chemicals and the living systems (Teferra et al, 2004). One of its major subdivisions is pharmacokinetics that mainly deals with the study of what the body does to an ingested drug. It evaluates the drugs adsorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (Teferra et al, 2004). This presentation seeks to decipher the drug Tacrolimus in the lines of its basic pharmacology including the mechanism(s) of action of the drug, its toxicities, adverse effects, the clinical uses ad dosages and/or formulations available, its chemical structure and/or characteristics and how they relate to its interesting pharmacokinetic characteristics and their clinical implications, its contraindications in special populations, and finally provide a concrete and comprehensive solution to the case study 4. Tacrolimus also often referred to as FK-506 or fujimycin, is the generic name for drug Progaf/ Hecoria/ Protopic/ Advagraf. It is a prescription only drug given to post transplant patients to prevent organ rejection following allogeneic liver, kidney, and/or heart transplants. It achieves this by way of decreasing the action of the individuals immune responses and as such, it is an immunosuppressant. Its mechanism of action, therefore, is by inhibiting the production of interleukin-2 which are molecular components that promotes the development and proliferation of the T lymphocytes by preventing the dephosphorylation of nuclear factor of activated T-cell (NF-AT) that increases the activity of genes coding for IL-2 and related cytokines (Ganong, 2005). This places the drug in the calcineurin inhibitor immunosuppressant drug class. It is also used in the treatment of other T cell-mediated diseases such as eczema, treatment of severe refractory uveitis after bone marrow transplants and in the exacerbations of minimal change disease. It is more potent than other drugs such as cyclosporine used in immunosuppression (Haddad et al, 2006). The available preparations include the oral common twice-daily formulation (Progaf), once daily formulation (Advagraf and Envarsus), and the topical formulation or ointment (Protopic). It is a macrolide lactone with the chemical structure: C44 H69 NO12 (Dirk, 2003). Because of its acidic properties, the drug is absorbed in acid environments of the stomach and dissociates in the basic environment of the intestine where some its metabolism begins. This acidic property makes it highly bound to proteins in the blood and to the erythrocytes explaining its high protein binding rate. Tacrolimus is given orally with a bioavailability of 24%. Its absorption rate decreases with intake of food rich in fat. Its take one to three hours to attain its highest blood plasma concentrations and the protein binding rate of the drug is 98.8% and it binds to albumin and alpha1-acid glycoprotein. The drug is metabolized in the liver by the cytochrome P450 metabolic enzymes: CYP3A4 and CYP3A5, and in the intestinal wall. It is mostly excreted through the feces. It has a biological half-life of 12 hours in transplant patients but this is higher in healthy individuals with biological half-life of up to 43 hours. Since the drug is absorbed in the gut, it undergoes first pass metabolism that reduces its bioavailability but the high protein binding rate limits the dose as it increases its half-life. The clearance of Tacrolimus is 2mg per hours and its volume of distribution is 98 (Marie et al, 2007). Its drug interaction occurs with the following drugs and as such should not be taken together with these drugs: Management asenapine, cisapride, and citalopram, a potassium-sparing diuretic such as spironolactone, mifepristone, streptogramin, ziprasidone, and cyclosporine. It is contraindicated in patients with castor oil allergies, any allergic reactions to any other component of the drug, in pregnant and breastfeeding individuals, in individuals with chronic infections, diabetes, high blood potassium levels, hypertension, with weakened immunity, anemia, heart, kidney, or liver problems, skin cancer, in individuals scheduled to receive live vaccines and in individuals taking other medications to suppress their immune system. The side effects of the drug differ depending on the route of administration. For oral and intravenous administration, the side effects include various types of infection, heart damage, high blood pressure, disturbed vision, hepatic and renal problems(Tacrolimus nephrotoxicity), hyperkalemia, low blood concentrations of magnesium (hypomagnesaemia), high blood glucose levels, diabetes mellitus, itching, lung damage, and neuropsychiatric problems e.g. loss of appetite, insomnia, confusion, depression, and vivid nightmares. It increases the severity of pre-existing fungal and/or infectious conditions (Dimitrios and Pramateftakis, 2013). It increases the risk of malignancy and various types of cancer. The topical Tacrolimus ointment applied over wide areas cause burning sensations on the initial application and an increased sensitivity to UV light and heat on the affected areas. After oral administration, drug plasma concentration can be obtained by the help of the above equation where C is the plasma concentration, F is the bioavailability, D is the dose, ka is the absorption rate constant, ke is the elimination rate constant, Vd is the volume of distribution and t is time. References Dirk K. (2003). Long-Term Clinical Pharmacokinetic Study of Management Tacrolimus and Mycophenolic Acid and Metabolites in De Novo Renal Allograft Recipients. Leuven University Press, 6 Dimitrios R., Pramateftakis M. G. (2013).Tacrolimus: Effectiveness, Safety and Drug Interaction. Nova Science Publishers, Incorporated. Ganong W. F. (2005). Review of Medical Physiology. 22nd Ed. Lange Medical Books. 530 Haddad, E. M., McAlister v. C., Renouf E., Malthaner R., Kjaer M. S., Gluud L. L. (2006). Cyclosporine versus Tacrolimus for Liver Transplanted Patients. McAlister V, ed. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 4(CD005161): CD005161. Marie A., Benoit B., Robert F., Philippe L., and Urien S. (2007). Population Pharmacokinetics and Bioavailabilty of Tacrolimus in Kidney Transplant Patients Management. Soraya D. and Kiren G. (2006). Basic Pharmacology. 2nd Edition. [PDF]. Retrieved from www.dandybooksellers.com/acatalog/9780853695714.pdf Accessed on 9th May 2017. Teferra, A., Srinivasa, A. R., Mengistu, S. W., Eshetu, L., Musei, A, and Dawit. (2004). Lecture Notes for Health Science Students: Pharmacology. 1-5